(2015) An Endosperm-Associated Cuticle Is Required for Arabidopsis Seed Viability, Dormancy and Early Control of Germination. Thus, land plants co-opted an ancient innovation to achieve the remarkable physiology of seeds.Ĭitation: De Giorgi J, Piskurewicz U, Loubery S, Utz-Pugin A, Bailly C, Mène-Saffrané L, et al. They are also unable to control their germination. Seeds with cutin defects are highly oxidized and have low seed viability and dormancy. The seed cuticle, which contains cutin, a major lipid polymer component of the leaf cuticle, encloses all the living tissues within the seed. We show that mature seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis contain an earlier land plant evolutionary innovation: the cuticle, a waxy film covering the aerial parts of the plant preventing excessive transpiration. The key to this success lies in the seed’s physiological feats, a major yet unresolved question in plant biology. Seeds therefore transform plants into time and space travellers and largely explain land plant colonization by flowering plants. The fragility of this transition is betrayed by the existence of control mechanisms that block germination in response to harmful environmental conditions. Remarkably as well, the “near-dead” embryo is able to germinate and turn into a fragile young seedling. Seeds allow plants to disperse and find a favorable living environment. Indeed, within seeds plant embryos lie in a metabolic inert and highly resistant state. Seeds are remarkable plant structures that appeared late during land plant evolution. Taken together, our findings suggest that in the course of land plant evolution cuticular structures were co-opted to achieve key physiological seed properties. Upon seed imbibition cutin biosynthesis genes are essential to prevent endosperm cellular expansion and testa rupture in response to low GA synthesis. Furthermore, mutants affected in cutin biosynthesis display low seed dormancy and viability levels, which correlates with higher levels of seed lipid oxidative stress. This seed cuticle is defective in cutin-deficient bodyguard1 seeds, which is associated with alterations in endospermic permeability. Here we identify in mature seeds a thick cuticular film covering the entire outer surface of the endosperm. However, the role of cutin in mature seed physiology and germination remains poorly understood. Cutin-containing layers are present in seed coats of numerous species, including Arabidopsis, where they regulate permeability to outer compounds. Whole genome analyses lead us to identify cutin biosynthesis genes as regulatory targets of the phytohormones gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways that control seed germination. In Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, the embryo is surrounded by a single cell endosperm layer itself surrounded by a seed coat layer, the testa. Seeds are dry, metabolically inert structures promoting plant dispersal by keeping the plant embryo in an arrested protected state. Cutin, consisting of crosslinked fatty acid monomers, is the most abundant and studied cuticular component. The cuticle is a waterproof film covering plant aerial organs preventing excessive water loss and protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses. If you feel you have been unfairly banned, message the moderators to discuss it.Cuticular layers and seeds are prominent plant adaptations to terrestrial life that appeared early and late during plant evolution, respectively. We ban people, not accounts if you evade bans, you will be banned again.Please refrain from misogyny, misandry, racism, homophobia or any other form of discrimination.Please contact a mod if your post accidentally got stuck in the spam filter!.If you've gotten the image from another subreddit, mark it as x-post.Promotion of piracy is prohibited here.The rules of reddit are always in effect do not dox users or post information that can lead to doxx do not call for brigades or witchhunts against subreddits or users do not post child pornography etc.
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